Cook ramen noodles according to package instructions then drain.
Heat sesame oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Once the oil is hot, add the minced garlic, red pepper flakes, and ground ginger. Stir to coat then sauté until garlic is fragrant, about 1-2 minutes. Add the ground chicken to the pan, breaking it up with your cooking utensil, then let cook until almost browned, about 4-6 minutes.
While the chicken cooks, whisk together the soy sauce, pomegranate juice, and maple syrup.
Once the chicken is almost browned, add the mushrooms then cook another 2-3 minutes. Next, add the soy sauce mixture and chopped cabbage to the pan. Mix to evenly distribute everything then bring the mixture to a simmer. Reduce heat to medium-low then let cook until sauce thickens, about 5-8 minutes. Finally, mix in the cooked ramen noodles then remove the skillet from heat.
Divide skillet mixture between bowls then top with chopped peanuts, sliced green onions, and toasted sesame seeds.